Powered saw including dust capture apparatus

ABSTRACT

A novel cutting method and apparatus includes a cutting blade adapted to consistently and easily form a desirable kerf in a concrete substrate while capturing substantially all resulting concrete dust.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/853,852 filed on Sep. 14, 2015 (now issued as U.S. Pat. No.______), which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/500,052 filed on Sep. 29, 2014 (now issued as U.S. Pat. No.9,156,188), which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/829,170 filed on Mar. 14, 2013 (now issued as U.S. Pat. No.9,027,542), which in turn claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patentapplication No. 61/765,003 filed on Feb. 14, 2013. The disclosures ofall of the foregoing are incorporated by reference in their entiretiesin the present application.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to material processing systems, methodsand apparatus, and more particularly to systems, methods and apparatusfor processing materials and collecting a resulting detritus.

BACKGROUND

Concrete has been used as a versatile and durable construction materialfor thousands of years. Over this time many important improvements havebeen made to compositions, apparatus and techniques for the use ofconcrete. One might think that such an extended development time wouldhave allowed the technology to reach stasis. Nevertheless, theapplication of creativity and diligent effort continues to yieldbeneficial improvements such as those presented in the presentapplication.

SUMMARY

Having examined and understood a range of previously available devices,the inventors of the present invention have developed a new andimportant understanding of the problems associated with the prior artand, out of this novel understanding, have developed new and usefulsolutions and improved devices, including solutions and devices yieldingsurprising and beneficial results.

The invention encompassing these new and useful solutions and improveddevices is described below in is various aspects with reference toseveral exemplary embodiments, including a preferred embodiment.

In particular, the inventors have observed that despite long-standingefforts to provide effective concrete cutting apparatus, the availabletechnology includes only equipment that is heavy, difficult to transportand to operate, and that releases copious quantities of silica-basedconcrete dust, representing a significant problem of industrial hygieneand a risk to the health of equipment operators and others in thevicinity of cutting operations. In addition, the concrete dust producedand released by existing cutting apparatus and methods is highlyabrasive and, consequently, damaging to equipment including the cuttingapparatus and other equipment in the vicinity.

The risk to health and equipment is particularly acute during the actualcutting operation, but persists afterwards if the concrete dust is notremoved from the vicinity of the cut. Consequently, significant effortmust be devoted to clean-up after any conventional concrete cuttingoperation. This is especially true, when the cutting operation isconducted within an enclosed facility such as, for example, amanufacturing facility, a residential facility, a medical facility, anoffice building, a warehouse or any other location where dust producedby a cutting operation will be localize and retained for a long periodof time, potentially affecting the health of occupants and any machinesor goods produced or stored in the facility.

Based on careful observation and analysis, and creative synthesis, theinventors have now invented equipment that addresses thesedisadvantages, including equipment that is lighter and more readilytransported than equipment having comparable capabilities and which is,moreover, easier to operate and capable of capturing a substantialportion or substantially all of the pulverized concrete dust produced bya sawing operation.

In the instant case, solving the problem of readily providing consistentand easily executed cuts in concrete without releasing large amounts ofdust was more difficult than might have been anticipated. As notedabove, a variety of equipment has previously been available to cutconcrete, and certain approaches have been proposed for collecting thedust produced. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,167,215 , issued to Harding,Jr. Dec. 1, 1992, describes a concrete saw with a dust removal apparatusthat includes a blade guard partially surrounding a circular blademounted for rotation on the side of the wheel housing and a pivotallymounted funnel mounted on the blade guard; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,819,619 ,issued to Miller et al. Oct. 13, 1998, describes a dust collection anddiversion system for device having a cutting tool. As a practicalmatter, however, these previous proposals are deficient in their abilityto consistently and effectively collect a substantial portion of theconcrete dust produced.

It should be noted that, while the various figures show respectiveaspects of the invention, no one figure is intended to show the entireinvention. Rather, the figures together illustrate the invention in itsvarious aspects and principles. As such, it should not be presumed thatany particular figure is exclusively related to a discrete aspect orspecies of the invention. To the contrary, one of skill in the art wouldappreciate that the figures taken together reflect various embodimentsexemplifying the invention.

Correspondingly, references throughout the specification to “oneembodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature,structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodimentis included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus,the appearance of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment”in various places throughout the specification are not necessarily allreferring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features,structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner inone or more embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows, in a schematic perspective view, a portion of a sawaccording to principles of the invention;

FIG. 2 shows, in schematic perspective view, further aspects of a sawaccording to principles of the invention;

FIG. 3 shows, is cut away perspective view, a further aspect of a bladeand vacuum manifold of a saw according to principles of the invention;

FIG. 4 shows, encode away perspective view, further aspects of a vacuummanifold for a saw according to principles of the invention;

FIG. 5 shows, in ventral cutaway view, further aspects of a sawaccording to principles of the invention;

FIG. 6 shows, in ventral perspective view, further features of a sawaccording to principles of the invention;

FIG. 7 shows, in schematic perspective view, certain further aspects ofa saw according to principles of the invention;

FIG. 8A shows, in cutaway perspective view, certain further features ofa vacuum manifold for a saw according to principles of the invention;

FIG. 8B shows, in geometric schematic form, the geometric arrangementand relationships of an exemplary vacuum manifold for a saw according toprinciples of the invention;

FIG. 9 shows, in schematic perspective view, additional features andmodes of operation of a saw and vacuum according to principles of theinvention;

FIG. 10 shows, in perspective view, further details of a saw preparedaccording to principles of the invention;

FIGS. 11a and 11b show further details and aspects of a saw preparedaccording to principles of the invention;

FIG. 12 shows stills further features of a saw prepared according toprinciples of the invention;

FIG. 13 shows in posterior perspective view certain further portions ofa saw prepared according to principles of the invention;

FIG. 14 shows in schematic perspective view additional features of a sawprepared according to principles of the invention;

FIG. 15 shows in schematic perspective view still more features anddetails of a saw prepared according to principles of the invention; and

FIGS. 16-23 show, in schematic view, various exemplary aspects ofportions of a saw prepared according to principles of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In describing embodiments of the present invention, specific terminologyis used for the sake of clarity. For the purpose of description,specific terms are intended to at least include technical and functionalequivalents that operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similarresult. Additionally, in some instances where a particular embodiment ofthe invention includes a plurality of system elements or method steps,those elements or steps may be replaced with a single element or step;likewise, a single element or step may be replaced with a plurality ofelements or steps that serve the same purpose.

Further, where parameters for various properties are specified hereinfor embodiments of the invention, those parameters can be adjusted up ordown by 1/100, 1/50, 1/20, 1/10, ⅕, ⅓, ½, ¾, etc. (or up by a factor of2, 5, 10, etc.), or by rounded-off approximations thereof, unlessotherwise specified. Moreover, while this invention has been shown anddescribed with references to particular embodiments thereof, thoseskilled in the art will understand that various substitutions andalterations in form and details may be made therein without departingfrom the scope of the invention. Further still, other aspects, functionsand advantages are also within the scope of the invention; and allembodiments of the invention need not necessarily achieve all of theadvantages or possess all of the characteristics described herein.

Additionally, steps, elements and features discussed herein inconnection with one embodiment can likewise be used in conjunction withother embodiments. The contents of references, including referencetexts, journal articles, patents, patent applications, etc., citedthroughout the text are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentirety; and appropriate components, steps, and characterizations fromthese references optionally may or may not be included in embodiments ofthis invention.

Still further, the components and steps identified in the Backgroundsection are integral to this disclosure and can be used in conjunctionwith or substituted for components and steps described elsewhere in thedisclosure within the scope of the invention. In method claims, wherestages are recited in a particular order—with or without sequencedprefacing characters added for ease of reference—the stages are not tobe interpreted as being temporally limited to the order in which theyare recited unless otherwise specified or implied by the terms andphrasing.

The foregoing and other features and advantages of various aspects ofthe invention(s) will be apparent from the following, more-particulardescription of various concepts and specific embodiments within thebroader bounds of the invention(s). Various aspects of the subjectmatter introduced above and discussed in greater detail below may beimplemented in any of numerous ways, as the subject matter is notlimited to any particular manner of implementation. Examples of specificimplementations and applications are provided primarily for illustrativepurposes.

Unless otherwise defined, used or characterized herein, terms that areused herein (including technical and scientific terms) are to beinterpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their acceptedmeaning in the context of the relevant art and are not to be interpretedin an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so definedherein. For example, if a particular composition is referenced, thecomposition may be substantially, though not perfectly pure, aspractical and imperfect realities may apply; e.g., the potentialpresence of at least trace impurities (e.g., at less than 0.1%, 1% or 2%by weight or volume) can be understood as being within the scope of thedescription; likewise, if a particular shape is referenced, the shape isintended to include imperfect variations from ideal shapes, e.g., due tomachining and/or customary tolerances.

Although the terms, first, second, third, etc., may be used herein todescribe various elements, these elements are not to be limited by theseterms. These terms are simply used to distinguish one element fromanother. Thus, a first element, discussed below, could be termed asecond element without departing from the teachings of the exemplaryembodiments.

Spatially relative terms, such as “above,” “upper,” “beneath,” “below,”“lower,” “right,” “left,” and the like, may be used herein for ease ofdescription to describe the relationship of one element to anotherelement, as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that thespatially relative terms are intended to encompass differentorientations of the apparatus in use or operation in addition to theorientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the apparatus inthe figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath”other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the otherelements or features. Thus, the exemplary term, “above,” may encompassboth an orientation of above and below. The apparatus may be otherwiseoriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and thespatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

Further still, in this disclosure, when an element is referred to asbeing “on,” “connected to” or “coupled to” another element, it may bedirectly on, connected or coupled to the other element or interveningelements may be present unless otherwise specified.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments.As used herein, the singular forms, “a,” “an” and “the,” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. Additionally, the terms, “includes,” “including,” “comprises”and “comprising,” specify the presence of the stated elements or stepsbut do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more otherelements or steps.

The following description is provided to enable any person skilled inthe art to make and use the disclosed inventions and sets forth the bestmodes presently contemplated by the inventors of carrying out theirinventions. In the following description, for purposes of explanation,numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thoroughunderstanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, toone skilled in the art that the present invention may be practicedwithout these specific details. In other instances, well-knownstructures and devices may be shown in block diagram form in order toavoid unnecessarily obscuring the substance disclosed. These and otheradvantages and features of the invention will be more readily understoodin relation to the following detailed description of the invention,which is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows, in schematic perspective view, portions of an apparatusexemplifying certain aspects of the present invention. Illustrated is aconcrete saw 100 having a chassis 102 with an upper surface 104. First106 and second 108 front wheels and third 110 and fourth (not shown)rear wheels support the chassis above a surface region 112 of asubstrate.

While the present disclosure refers to the substrate as concrete, itshould be understood that the invention in its various embodiments andaspects is applicable to a wide variety of substrates including, withoutlimitation, asphalt, masonry, stone (including, without limitation,marble, granite, sandstone and fieldstone), ceramics and glasses,natural and synthetic polymeric materials including reinforced polymericmaterials, metals and alloys thereof, and organic materials including,for example, wood and wood-based materials, and leather.

The chassis 102 supports saw portion 114 including a motor and powertransmission apparatus. As illustrated, the saw portion 114 includes anelectric motor, but one of skill in the art will appreciate that a widevariety of other motors will be applied in appropriate circumstancesincluding, for example, pneumatic motors, hydraulic motors, internalcombustion engines such as gasoline engines and diesel engines, andexternal combustion engines such as, for example, steam engines, andStirling cycle engines, among others.

The saw portion 114 includes an arbor 116 supporting a circular sawblade 118. One of skill in the art will appreciate that the saw blade118 will be chosen to embody characteristics appropriate for cutting aparticular substrate material. Accordingly, where the substrate isconcrete, the saw blade may be chosen to include a diamond saw blade orother abrasive saw blade, for example. As will be explained in furtherdetail below, while the present invention is compatible with the use ofa saw blade lubricated and cooled by water or other lubricant, thepresent invention exhibits particular advantages in supporting the useof un-lubricated (i.e., dry) sawing with, for example a dry diamondblade, silicon carbide blade or dry abrasive blade since dry-sawingusing conventional apparatus is particularly apt to generate and releaseundesirable levels of dust and detritus.

In the illustrated embodiment, the blade 118 is adjustably disposedwithin an aperture 120 through the chassis 102. As will be furtherdiscussed below, an adjustment mechanism 122 is provided to control apivotal orientation of the saw portion 114 with respect to the uppersurface 104 and consequently to adjustably control a depth of cut of aparticular saw blade. The illustrated adjustment mechanism 122 includesa manual detent lever 124, but one of skill in the art will appreciatethat a wide variety of mechanisms may be implemented to control depth ofcut including, without limitation, mechanisms having rotary and/orlinear actuator portions.

The aperture 120 is defined in part by a longitudinal portion 126 of thechassis 102. The longitudinal portion 126 aids in supporting (providessupport to) a vacuum manifold portion 128 that, particularly incombination with other features of the saw 100, is effective forcapturing concrete dust or other detritus and conveying the same awayfrom the saw blade 118. The vacuum manifold portion 128 will bedescribed in additional detail below.

In the illustrated embodiment, the longitudinal portion 126 alsosupports a cam follower 130. The cam follower 130 serves to adjustablyactuate a blade guard 132 in response to operation of the adjustmentmechanism 122. One of skill in the art will appreciate that while a camfollower 130 is illustrated, a variety of other devices of variousshapes and configurations could also be employed to effect the samefunction including, for example, a stud of metallic or polymericmaterial.

The apparatus of FIG. 1 includes a detachable handle 134. Detachablehandle 134 is arranged and configured to allow an operator to adjust theheight and tilt so as to advance the saw blade across surface region 112of the substrate while rotation of blade 118 cuts a kerf in thesubstrate. As will be further discussed below, in certain embodiments, alower end of the handle 134 is removably coupled to a rear axlesupported by, for example, rear wheel 110.

Desirably, this arrangement provides operational stability and allowsthe operator to maintain a proper balance effecting the desirabledirection and advancement of the saw blade through the substrate with aminimum of effort and from an upright walking position. In particular,the entire configuration is arranged to be relatively insensitive tominor operator errors and variations in pressure applied by the operatorto the handle 134, and to maintain a particular direction of motion, soas to produce a desirably linear kerf.

In further advancement of this objective, the chassis 102 is providedwith a plurality of removable counterweight portions 136, 138, 140 ,etc., arranged, as illustrated, in a desirable spatial relationship withrespect to the saw blade 118, it's supporting arbor 116, handle 134 anda front axle (disposed between front wheels 106 and 108).

The counterweight portions serve to stabilize the chassis and assist inmaintaining stability in the depth and direction of the kerf produced bythe saw blade 118. The advantages of this stability, as they relate tothe production of a superior linear kerf and a minimum of dustproduction, will be further discussed below. It should be noted that,while three individual weights are illustrated in FIG. 1, other numbersand arrangement of weights are contemplated to be within the scope ofthe invention. Thus, a single weight will be provided in certainapplications, two, three or more than three weights of uniform ordifferent mass will be provided.

Other notable features of the illustrated apparatus include a fixturingdevice 142 arranged and adapted to support an electrical power coupler144 and a convenient lifting handle 146.

FIG. 2 shows the concrete saw 100 of FIG. 1 in a different aspect and inadditional detail. In the illustrated embodiment, saw blade 118 isarranged to contact the underlying substrate 112 at a location inwardlyof all four wheels. Arrow 202 is provided to illustrate a sense ofrotation of saw blade 118, i.e., clockwise in the present figure. Itshould be noted that, while the saw blade first enters the kerf at atrailing edge (i.e., towards the rear of the saw) the saw blade rotationfirst contacts the underlying substrate at a leading edge 204 towards aforward end 206 of the chassis 102. As will be discussed below inadditional detail, the wheel alignment, selection of wheels, and weightdistribution of the entire assembly is arranged to optimize the degreeto which, in certain embodiments, the saw cuts in a straight line sothat a majority of contact between the saw blade and the substrate to becut occurs at the leading edge, 204, as noted above. Indeed, variousfeatures of the illustrated embodiment of saw 100 cooperate to maximizethe degree to which cutting takes place at leading edge 204, whileminimizing any skew, divergence to one side or another, or other motionthat will result in contact of the saw blade 118 with other regions(i.e. rearwardly of the cutting edge along the kerf).

Consequently, the illustrated placement of vacuum manifold 128 about sawblade 118 and adjacent to leading edge 204 is optimized for the captureof particulate, dust and other detritus produced by the cuttingoperation. As will be discussed in additional detail below, thisoptimization of saw blade alignment, vacuum manifold placement and otherfeatures of the vacuum manifold and the apparatus as a whole, combine toproduce a novel apparatus uniquely effective in its cutting anddust-capturing abilities.

It should be noted that an outer circumferential edge 208 of saw blade118 passes through a slot 210 of vacuum manifold 128 as the saw bladerotates in direction 202. The features of slot 210, according to certainexemplary embodiments, are further illustrated and discussed below.

Also shown in FIG. 2 is a coupling feature 212 that serves to attachhandle 134 to the chassis 102. In particular, the coupling feature 212includes a rear surface 214 with a slot 216 sized and arranged toreceive a portion of handle 134 at a lower extremity of the handle'sfront face 218. In addition, the coupling feature 212 includes a boreadapted to receive a portion of rear axle 220 therewithin. Because therear axle 220 is operatively coupled to the chassis 102 by rear bearingblocks 222 and 224, this arrangement serves to strongly couple handle134 to the balance of the saw at a central point of high leverage,optimized to minimize skewing and provide a desirable level of control.In addition, because the bore and axle are substantially cylindrical, anangular adjustability 226 is achieved with a minimum of additionalcomponents. Further details of this adjustability will be discussedbelow.

Finally, it should be noted that the coupling feature 212, of theillustrated embodiment, includes one or more tool receptacle cavities,e.g., 228, ideally suited for holding various adjustment tools providedin certain embodiments of the invention. While the illustrated toolreceptacles are prepared as drilled holes within the coupling feature212, one of skill in the art will appreciate that a variety of othertool holders will provide a similar benefit such as, a molded toolholder, a magnetic tool holder, and/or a spring clip tool, among others.

FIG. 3 shows, in additional detail, a portion of the vacuum manifold 300according to one embodiment of the invention, along with the arrangementby which it interfaces with the chassis 302 and saw blade 304. In theillustrated embodiment, the vacuum manifold 300 includes first 306 andsecond 308 substantially planar surface regions disposed insubstantially parallel space relation to one another. Surface regions306 and 308 define a slot 310 that is sized to receive a correspondingregion of a longitudinal portion 312 of the chassis 302.

An upper surface 314 of the vacuum manifold includes a further slot 316arranged to dynamically receive a portion of the saw blade 304. Slot 316opens into a chamber 318 that is partially divided by the saw blade 304.Slot 316 has a width 320 prepared according to the thickness of aparticular blade and/or application, taking into consideration andappropriate tolerance on either side of the blade.

It will be understood that in certain embodiments, slot 316 isconfigured as an adjustable slot with a sliding or rotating shutterproviding adjustability to accommodate blades of various thicknesses anddiameters. In additional embodiments, a bristle brush feature isprovided to effectively close the slot around the saw blade such that atleast some of the ends of the bristles touch the blade, and occlude muchof the otherwise open space around the blade, without causing undueresistance or friction. In other embodiments, a particular vacuummanifold having a slot 316 of a particular size may be exchanged with aplurality of vacuum manifolds having slots of other sizes respectively.In certain embodiments of the invention, such a plurality of manifoldsis provided as a kit, with or without the saw apparatus.

Likewise, the slot has a length 322 sufficient to accommodate the sawblade when set for its deepest penetration, along with an additionaltolerance sufficient to avoid accidental mechanical interference betweenthe circumferential edge of the blade and the end 324 of the slot, whileallowing proper clearance for the capture of particles of detritus.

Also indicated is a thickness 326 of an upper region of the vacuummanifold between upper surface 314 and a corresponding internal surface328. As will be discussed below, this thickness will differ in variousembodiments of the invention according to the requirements of aparticular application (e.g., the substrate to be cut, the thickness ofthe saw blade, etc.).

A manifold flange portion 330 is arranged between surface 306 and afurther generally planar surface 332. Generally planar surface 332 isconfigured to be placed adjacent to a corresponding generally planarsurface 334 of a hose coupling flange portion 338. In the illustratedexample, threaded fasteners, e.g., 340, 342 are provided to securelycouple surface 334 of the hose coupling flange in intimate contact withsurface to surface 332 of the vacuum manifold flange. In addition, incertain embodiments, further holes and fasteners, not shown here, areprovided for coupling the vacuum manifold assembly 300 through thelongitudinal member 312 of chassis 302 to (and, in certain embodiments,into) generally planar surface 308.

As will be further described below, the hose coupling flange 338supports a generally cylindrical hose coupling tube 344. The hosecoupling tube 344 has an outside diameter sized to be received within acorresponding inside diameter of, for example a vacuum hose. One ofskill in the art will appreciate that, beyond the here-describedmale/female coupling, other coupling arrangements between hoses andvacuum manifolds are contemplated within the scope of the invention.

FIG. 4 shows an oblique dorsal perspective view of a further embodimentof the invention, showing an alternative configuration of a vacuummanifold 400. In this embodiment, upper surface 402 of the blade boxportion 404 of the vacuum manifold 406 includes a first portion 408disposed generally parallel to upper surface 410 of the chassis, and asecond portion 412 disposed at an oblique angle with respect to surface410. In comparison to the vacuum manifold 300 of FIG. 3, vacuum manifold400 has a relatively thick region between surface region 402 and theunderlying cavity. This relative thickness accommodates an additionalcurvature of the corresponding internal surface, as will be furtherillustrated and discussed below.

Also shown in FIG. 4 is a clear view of the mating surface 414 of theblade box flange 416. Holes 418 and 420 are visible. Holes 418 and 420are sized and arranged to accommodate the threaded fasteners that, inthe illustrated embodiment, serve to, or aid in, substantially fixedlycoupling the vacuum manifold 400 to the chassis 422.

In certain embodiments, the holes 418 and 420 are countersunk,counter-bored, or otherwise recessed to receive the heads of respectivecap screws, for example. In some embodiments, the cap screws passthrough un-threaded holes in the longitudinal member portion 430 ofchassis 422 and threadingly engage with further internally threadedholes in surface 432 on the first portion of the manifold 408.

Consequently, when the cap screws are tightened, internal surface 434 ofblade box flange 416 is drawn towards surface 432 so as to capture andfrictionally engage corresponding surface regions of longitudinal member430. Also shown are the holes, e.g., 424, 426 provided to receive thethreaded fasteners that, in the illustrated embodiment, couple the bladebox flange to the vacuum hose coupling flange (e.g., FIG. 3, elements338). According to certain embodiments of the invention, internalsurfaces of these holes 424, 426, are provided with internal helicalthreads for coupling to externally threaded fasteners.

Finally, in this view, a generally cylindrical internal surface 428,defining a longitudinal passage through the vacuum box flange isvisible. It should be understood that the configuration of this internalsurface will differ according to the requirements of a particularapplication and that while the illustrated passage is generallycircularly cylindrical, other passages will embody a variety ofdifferent geometries including, without limitation, triangular,rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, octagonal, elliptical,irregular, etc.

FIG. 5 shows, in an oblique, generally ventral view, further aspects ofa saw 500 according to principles of the invention. In particular, incertain embodiments, a lateral linear dimension 502 of a lower aperture504 is a substantial fraction of an overall width 506 of the blade boxportion 508 of the vacuum manifold 510. It should be understood that, inother embodiments, linear dimension 502 may be substantially equal tooverall with 506, and in still other embodiments, linear dimension 502may be a small fraction of overall with 506. Accordingly, the ratiobetween linear dimension 502 and overall width 506 will have any valueover a large range according to requirements of a particularapplication.

It should also be understood that while edges 512, 514 and 516 are shownas substantially linear, in other embodiments, one or more of theseedges will be curved, crenellated, scalloped, or otherwise configuredaccording to the requirements of a particular application. Further, incertain applications, two or more of edges 512, 514 and 516 will beconfigured as a single more or less smooth curve. More generally theedges defining aperture 504 will correspond to at least a portion of anyone of a circle, an ellipse, a regular polygon, an irregular polygon, aregular curve, an irregular curve, and combinations thereof.

In the illustrated embodiment, aperture 504 is defined by a proximaledge 512, a distal edge 514 and a lateral edge 516. The location of thesaw within this aperture will depend on the configuration of aparticular application of the invention. Thus, for example, in onepreferred embodiment, the circumferential surface 518 of blade 520 isdisposed with a distance between surface 522 of blade 520 and proximaledge 512 such that this distance is approximately one half as far as thecorresponding distance between the opposite surface 524 of blade 520 anddistal edge 514. In other words, the blade 520 is disposed about twothirds of the way across the aperture from the distal edge 514 to theproximal edge 512. This configuration is referred to by the presentinventors as a blade location ratio of two thirds, or 66%.

The blade location ratio will be chosen to have any variety of valuesaccording to the requirements of a particular application and accordingto factors such as the type and dimensions of the blade to be employed.Thus, in an alternative embodiment, the circumferential surface 518 ofblade 520 is disposed such that a distance between surface 522 of blade520 and proximal edge 512 is approximately one third as far as thecorresponding distance between the opposite surface 524 of blade 520 anddistal edge 514. In other words, the blade 520 is disposed about threequarters of the way across the aperture from the distal edge 514 to theproximal edge 512. This configuration is referred to as a blade locationratio of three quarters, or 75%. It should be understood that theseblade location ratios are merely exemplary and that, in variousembodiments, it will be desirable to provide a vacuum manifold devicehaving a blade location ratio within the range from at least about 20%to at least about 80% corresponding to alternative uses of the saw andalternative materials and conditions of the substrate to be cut.

Of similar importance, the overall width 502 of aperture 504 and thecorresponding overall length 526 have particular values selectedaccording to the requirements of a specific embodiment and applicationof the saw. Moreover, the ratio between width 502 and length 526 willbe, in various embodiments of the invention, between at least about 20%and at least about 500%. This ratio is referred to by the inventors asthe “aperture ratio.” In certain embodiments, the aperture ratio will bein a range between at least about 50% and at least about 200%.

It will also be understood that the wheels and chassis are arranged, inconjunction with dimensions of the vacuum manifold, to result in anassembly that maintains a lower surface region 550 of the blade boxportion of the vacuum manifold at a finite distance (referred to by theinventors as manifold clearance) above a corresponding surface region ofan underlying substrate. That is to say that lower surface region 550 isdisposed and maintained in substantially parallel spaced relation withrespect to an underlying surface region of a substrate to be cut.

In various embodiments, manifold clearance is adjustable by a variablemechanism arranged to displace the manifold with respect to the chassis.In other embodiments, manifold clearance is adjustable by exchanging onemanifold for another. In still further embodiments, manifold clearanceis adjustable by a variable mechanism arranged to displace the entirechassis with respect to the underlying substrate, e.g., by displacingone or both axles with respect to the chassis. In various embodiments,manifold clearance is adjustable within a range from 0 (i.e., in contactwith the underlying substrate) to at least about 1 inch. In certainembodiments, manifold clearance will be adjustable from a range of about0.20 inches above the underlying substrate to at least about 0.50 inchesabove the underlying substrate.

The present figure also shows, in some detail, additional holes, 530,532 and 534 through the lower surface 550 of the blade box portion.Holes 530, 532 and 534 are provided to accommodate fasteners, such as,for example, threaded fasteners, which serve to further reinforce theattachment of the vacuum manifold 510 to the chassis 536. Of course itwill be understood that these fasteners are merely exemplary of a widevariety of fastening technologies which may be applied to fixedly andpermanently or removably couple the vacuum manifold 510 to the chassis536.

FIG. 5 also shows, in additional detail, the generally circularcylindrical configuration of the coupling tube 538 of the hose-couplingportion 540 of the vacuum manifold 510. In particular, it should benoted that, in certain embodiments, a reinforced base portion 542 of thecoupling tube 538 as a greater wall thickness than the balance of thecoupling tube so as to provide a durable connection between the couplingtube 538 and its respective flange 544.

FIG. 6 shows a further ventral perspective view of a blade box portion600 of a vacuum manifold for a saw such as saw 100 of FIG. 1. This viewoffers further detail of slot 602 and its engagement with longitudinalmember 604 (shown cutaway) of chassis 606. Also illustrated are first608 and second 610 lower surface regions disposed in oblique spacedrelation to a second portion 612 of the corresponding upper surfaceregion (shown more clearly as element 412 on FIG. 4). Surface region 608and 610 are shown as being substantially planar in the illustratedembodiment. Each, however, adjoins a curved internal surface region 614at respective edges 616, 618. Also visible is an internal surface region620 defining, in part, blade slot 622.

In the illustrated embodiment, curved internal surface 614 defines aportion of a substantially circular cylindrical surface. One of skill inthe art will appreciate, however, that a wide variety of othergeometries are possible and desirable according to the requirements of aparticular embodiment of the invention. Accordingly, internal surface614 will, in respective embodiments, define a portion of a generallyelliptical cylindrical surface, a portion of a generally triangularcylindrical surface, a portion of a generally rectangular cylindricalsurface, or a portion of a higher order polygonal cylindrical surface.In addition, while the foregoing examples correspond to cylinders ofprojection, other forms for the internal surface 614 are alsocontemplated including, for example, an ellipsoidal surface and aspherical surface, among others.

Finally, it should be noted that the present illustration offers a clearview of an internal surface 624 defining, in this case, a generallycircular cylindrical passage through blade box flange 628. As will befurther illustrated below, this generally circular cylindrical passageis adapted to join a further circular cylindrical passage within thehose coupling portion of a vacuum manifold for a correspondingembodiment.

FIG. 7 shows, in schematic perspective view, a further aspect of a bladebox portion 700 of a vacuum manifold for a saw according to principlesof the invention. In particular, the generally circular cylindrical formof internal surface 702 is visible along with the resulting curved edges704, 706 of blade slot 708. As noted above, the relative proximity 710of blade slot 708 to internal end surface 712 will be chosen andprepared according to the requirements of a particular application.Likewise, the width 714 of blade slot 708 will be determined accordingto the dimensions of a blade to be employed and the requisite toleranceoutwardly of the blade necessary to accommodate deviations in bladeflatness and any particulates likely to become lodged in the slot.

In the illustrated embodiment, a portion of longitudinal member 716 ofchassis 718 is visible at 720, and forms a partial obstruction ofpassage 722 defined, in part, by internal surface 702. In otherembodiments, however, this partial obstruction is minimized oreliminated. Again, the transverse 723 and longitudinal 724 dimensions ofaperture 726 are identified.

Without meaning to be bound to a particular theory of operation, theinventors note that depending on aperture size and aperture ratio, sawblade angular velocity and manifold absolute and differential pressure,as compared to local atmospheric pressure, the passage of air in throughaperture 726 past the spinning saw blade and out through passage 722tends to induce a desirable pattern of air flow. According to certainembodiments of the invention, this air flow includes airflow distributedin one or more vortices, that are well suited to elevate and conveydust, particulate matter and other detritus away from a leading-edge ofthe saw/substrate interface and out through passage 722.

In particular, in certain embodiments, the passage of the edges of thediscrete saw teeth found on some saw blades through the lateral flow ofair across the saw blade caused by the applied vacuum will induceindividual vortices on either side of the saw teeth. Where thedimensions and arrangement of the vacuum manifold are properlyconfigured, these vortices will be shed from the saw teeth into theoverall flow of air into the vacuum hose. Correspondingly, dust andparticulate matter will become trapped by the individual vortices andsubsequently shed into the lateral air flow so as to provide theeffective removal of dust from both sides of an operating blade in a waythat is surprisingly effective, and in no way matched by any previouslyavailable technology. Consequently, this residual material will beeffectively and advantageously collected at, for example, a filteringvacuum system remote from the saw blade.

In addition, with reference to FIGS. 8A and 8B, which are describedbelow, angles 816, 854 and 856 will result in additional desirable flowcharacteristics within the vacuum manifold and within any attached hose.In particular, in certain embodiments, a properly selected value of theindicated angles will result in additional vortices within the hose.These flow characteristics will further serve to support airborneparticulate matter and dust as it is removed from the vicinity of thesaw and transported to a vacuum apparatus.

Depending on particular parameters of operation, the form of fluid flowproduced may include any of a Lamb-Oseen form vortex, a tornadic formvortex, a spheroidal form vortex, a Tollmien-Schlichting form vortex, aBlasius form vortex, a Navier-Stokes form vortex, a Chorin form vortex,as well as any other turbulent or laminar flow pattern, and combinationsthereof. Once having the benefit of the present disclosure, one of skillin the art will appreciate that particular configurations of vacuummanifold and applied pressure differentials will produce desirableresults and, therefore, all of the indicated fluid flows describedabove, and others that may be discovered and applied in the presentcontext, are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

It is contemplated that in certain embodiments, blade angular velocityand airflow velocity through passage 722 will operate open loop and,accordingly, may vary in absolute terms and with respect to one anotherduring operation of the saw. In other embodiments, mechanical and/orpneumatic and/or electrical and/or electronic controls will be appliedto regulate the absolute and relative values of blade angular velocityand air velocity.

FIG. 8A shows, in partial cutaway perspective view, a further aspect ofa vacuum manifold 800 according to principles of the invention. Thevacuum manifold 800 includes a blade box portion 802 and a hose couplingportion 804. The blade box portion 802 and hose coupling portion 804 aremutually coupled at respective flanges 806 and 808. A generally circularcylindrical internal surface of the blade box portion defines acylindrical cavity therewithin and a first longitudinal axis 810. Thehose coupling portion 804 has a further generally circular cylindricalinternal surface defining a cylindrical cavity and a second longitudinalaxis 812. According to certain embodiments of the invention, firstlongitudinal axis 810 and second longitudinal axis 812 intersect at avertex 814.

An intersection of axes 810 and 812 at vertex 814 defines a passageangle 816. In various embodiments of the invention, passage angle 816will have a value within the range between at least about 0° and atleast about 90°. In other embodiments, passage angle 816 will have arange between at least about 0° and at least about 20°. In still furtherembodiments, passage angle 816 will have a range between at least about30° and at least about 60°.

It should be understood that longitudinal axes 810 and 812 are notnecessarily pure centroid axes of the corresponding cavities. While insome embodiments these axes will be pure centroids, in others they willbe only approximate, and any intersection of these axes may also beapproximate. That is, they may not actually intersect but onlyapproximately intersect, such that the passage within the blade boxportion 802 and the passage within the hose coupling portion 804 arearranged generally at the above-indicated passage angle with respect toone another. It will also be understood that in certain embodiments,axes 810 and 812 are not strictly linear but one or both willincorporate a curve of any form appropriate to the requirements of aparticular application.

Axes 810 and 812 further define a passage plane such that both axes 810,812 and vertex 814 are disposed in the passage plane. In operation,passage plane 816 is disposed at an oblique angle with respect to aplane corresponding to an upper surface of the underlying substrate(referred to by the inventors as the ground plane).

This relationship is further illuminated by FIG. 8B. FIG. 8B shows, inschematic perspective view, the geometry 850 of the first 810 and second812 axes of FIG. 8A. In certain embodiments, axis 810 is disposedsubstantially normal to a plane defined by an outward surface of the sawblade.

As shown, triangle ABC defines a first plane 852. During operation ofthe saw, plane 852 is disposed in generally parallel spaced relation toa plane defined by an average local surface of the underlyingsubstrate—the ground plane. Angle 854 is defined azimuthally towards therear of the saw (i.e. in a negative direction) and indicates a firstcomponent of angle 816 in three space.

Angle 856 indicates an elevation of longitudinal axis 812 (i.e. upwardlyaway from the underlying substrate, and indicates a second component ofangle 816 in three space. One with adequate mathematical background willappreciate that angles 854 and 856 may be treated as vector argumentsand added vectorially to produce angle 816.

In light of the foregoing, the practitioner of skill in the art willappreciate that various apparatus will be constructed, all within thescope of the present invention, in which angle 854 will fall anywherewithin a range from at least about 0° to at least about 90°. In likefashion, angle 856 will, in various embodiments, fall anywhere within arange from at least about 0° to at least about 90°.

In certain embodiments, angle 854 will be prepared within a range fromat least about 0° to at least about 10° and angle 856 will be providedwithin a range from at least about 0° to at least about 10° so as todesirably support a proximal end of a vacuum hose while optimizing theresulting forces. In certain embodiments, angle 854 will be prepared tohave a value of 7.11° back and angle 856 will be prepared to have angleof 7.11° up. In certain embodiments of the invention, angle 816 will beprepared to have a value of approximately 7°. In other embodiments,angle 816 will be prepared to have a value of approximately 7.07°.

This optimization will be performed according to the requirements of aparticular application in order to control the degree to which aresulting weight and drag of the vacuum hose tends to impress adeviation on a direction of the saw away from the production of asubstantially linear kerf. As discussed above, the weights, shown forexample as 136, 138 and 140 in FIG. 1, will be selected according to thedrag resulting from a particular combination of angles 854, 856 incombination with the weight and other characteristics of the hose andother apparatus employed. Thus, for a particular application, more orfewer weights will be added to the saw according to the angles 854, 856and hose applied, so that the saw will readily follow a straight line.

For one exemplary freestanding vacuum dust collector apparatus having astandard 2½ inch hose, with a longitudinal length in a range from atleast about 10 feet to at least about 100 feet, depending on the weight,materials, construction, diameter and wall-thickness of the hose, angle816 will be prepared within a range from at least about 6° to at leastabout 8°. In one embodiment, angle 816 will be prepared to have an angleof approximately 7.1°.

One of skill in the art will appreciate that the linear weight,materials and supporting arrangement of the vacuum hose will affect theselection of angles 854 and 856. For example, FIG. 9 shows, in schematicperspective view, a portion of one embodiment of a saw 900 and vacuumdust collector assembly 902 according to principles of the invention.Hose 904 is coupled at a distal end thereof to a vacuum inlet 906 of thevacuum dust collector 902 and, at a proximal end, to an outlet 908 ofthe vacuum manifold described above. As illustrated, the vacuum couplingportion is prepared with an angle of elevation (see 856, FIG. 8B)effective to maintain a desirable spacing 910 between an externalsurface 912 of a proximal end of the vacuum hose and an adjacent region914 of the underlying substrate. Consequently, to the extent that anexternal surface of the vacuum hose touches the underlying substrate,most often, this contact takes place at an intermediate region 916between the proximal and distal ends of the vacuum hose. As a result,this contact experiences friction consistent with a weight of a localregion of the hose, and is substantially independent of a weight of thesaw 900.

Because any drag conveyed by the hose to the saw is applied to one side918 of the saw and not the other 920, reducing or eliminating hose dragreduces a tendency of the saw to diverge from a straight path duringoperation.

In light of the present disclosure, one of skill in the art willrecognize that other arrangements and configurations will also bepossible. For example, a backpack-mounted vacuum apparatus will beincluded in one combination apparatus according to principles of theinvention. In a further embodiment, an automated mobile device willsupport a vacuum apparatus and automatically maintain an appropriaterange to the saw so as to optimize a degree of hose drag experienced bythe saw during operation.

FIG. 10 shows a further concrete saw 1000 prepared according toprinciples of the invention. Saw 1000 includes a vacuum manifold 1002configured differently from that of saw 900 discussed above. Inparticular, vacuum manifold 1002 includes a vacuum coupling portion 1004having an azamuthal angle substantially equal to 90° and an elevationangle 1006 having a value in a range between at least about 5° and atleast about 90°.

Referring again to FIG. 1, one notes that fixturing device 142 isprovided to support electrical coupling device 144. This aspect of theinvention is shown in additional detail in 11A and 11B. As illustrated,the fixturing device 142 has a proximal end 1102 arranged to support theelectrical coupling device 144 and a distal end 1104 for coupling to thebalance of the saw assembly 1106. In the illustrated device, the distalend includes first 1108 and second 1110 threaded fasteners arranged tosubstantially fixedly couple the fixturing device 142 to a pillar orprojection 112 extending upwardly of the saw assembly 1106. One of skillin the art will appreciate, however, that a wide variety of otherfixturing methods, means an apparatus will be used in variousembodiments of the invention according to the demands of a particularapplication.

The illustrated embodiment includes an aperture 1114 through the body ofthe fixturing device 142 defined by, in the illustrated case, asubstantially circular cylindrical internal surface region 1116. Itshould be noted that, while the illustrated internal surface region 1116is circularly cylindrical, a wide variety of other alternatives arepossible including triangular, rectangular (including square),pentagonal, hexagonal, and any other regular or irregular shapeappropriate to hold a particular electrical coupling device.

As apparent from FIG. 11A internal surface 1116 meets external proximalsurface regions 1118, 1120 at a further aperture or opening 1122.Referring now to FIG. 11B, one sees that a slot 1150 intercepts internalsurface 1116 at a distal side thereof. Slot 1150 cooperates withaperture 1122 to relieve first 1152 and second 1154 sides of thefixturing device 142 so that the sides can be deformed inwardly.

For example, in the illustrated embodiment, a threaded fastener (such asa cap screw, machine screw or bolt) 1156 is tightened to deform size1152 at 1154 inwardly. As a result, respective portions of internalsurface region 1116 frictionally engage with a corresponding outersurface region of electrical coupler 144 to secure the electricalcoupler in substantially fixed relation to the fixturing device 142.Again, one of skill in the art will appreciate that other clampingmechanisms and devices, such as are known or may become known in theart, may be applied in combination with the balance of the saw assemblyas described above to form the new and improved apparatus described herewith.

FIG. 12 shows a further aspect of the invention including an alignmentpointer 1200. The alignment pointer 1200 is adjustably coupled to achassis 1202 of a saw according to principles of the invention. In theinstant figure, this coupling is made by providing an internallythreaded hole in the chassis adapted to receive an externally threadedproximal end 1204 of the pointer 1200. A washer 1206 and locknut 1208are tightened against a forward surface region 1210 of the chassis 1202to minimize the possibility that vibration resulting from operation ofthe saw will loosen and displace the pointer 1200. One of skill in theart will appreciate that other arrangements for fastening a pointer tothe chassis are possible and that alternatives to the pointer include,for example, a laser or focused light.

A further view of the pointer is available in FIG. 9 where the pointeris identified by element numeral 950. It should be noted that thepointer is adjustable both in length and in rotation. Rotation of thepointer offsets its point laterally only across the front of the chassisand consequently allows the pointer to be adjusted so as to conform itspointing direction the requirements of a particular saw blade and/or sawblade offset.

One of skill in the art will appreciate that while using the saw, anoperator will sight past a point of the pointer to, for example, a chalkline placed in advance on an upper surface of the substrate to be cut.By maintaining the point of the pointer aligned with the chalk line, theoperator is able to maintain a straight cut across the substrate. Ofcourse, one of skill in the art will understand that alternative meansof directing the saw are possible including, for example, providing anapparent line on the substrate using a laser.

FIG. 13 shows, in a partial schematic perspective view, further aspectsof a saw assembly 1300 according to principles of the invention. Inparticular, FIG. 13 shows first 1302 and second 1304 rear wheels of asaw assembly 1300. The rear wheels mutually support a rear axle 1306.The rear axle 1306 is disposed coaxially through both wheels andtraverses the distance between the wheels as a single member. The rearaxle 1306 is disposed within a lateral groove provided in the chassis1308 and is coupled within the groove by first 1310 and second 1312bearing blocks.

It will be understood that the groove and bearing blocks, according tocertain embodiments, exhibit a desirable tolerance so that the angle andlocation of the axle 1306 with respect to the chassis 3008 and withinthe groove can be modified. As illustrated, this modification isachieved by adjusting the respective settings of two adjusting screws—avertical adjusting screw 1314 and a horizontal adjusting screw 1316.While the illustrated embodiment shows adjusting screws only on the leftside of the rear axle, in other embodiments, adjusting screws will beprovided on the right side of the rear axle or on both sides of the rearaxle. In addition, in other embodiments, adjusting screws will beprovided for the front axle.

In other embodiments, the grooves and bearing blocks will be providedwith negligible tolerance and no adjustment of the axle will be providedor necessary, or adjustment may be made by physical distortion of thechassis. In such an embodiment, cap screw 1316 may nevertheless beretained and used as a rear pointer for alignment with a chalk line orwith a previously cut kerf, and to maintain a desired direction of thesaw during operation.

The above-described adjustment of the axle 1306 allows for a desirablealignment of a longitudinal axis of the rear axle with a correspondinglongitudinal axis of a front axle. That is, in a desirable configurationaccording to one embodiment of the invention, the respectivelongitudinal axes of the front axle and rear axle 1306 are disposed insubstantially parallel spaced relation to one another once theadjustment process is complete. This configuration is helpful inmaintaining a saw apparatus that readily cuts a straight line through asubstrate such as concrete without deviating and with a minimum ofguidance from an operator. Moreover, by maintaining this alignment, itis possible to ensure that the bulk of the cutting that occurs takesplace at a leading edge of the saw blade where the saw blade firstcontacts the concrete and where the vacuum manifold described above iswell positioned to capture any dust produced.

At the same time, contact between any other portion of the blade, andparticularly its trailing edge, with the substrate is avoided, thusminimizing the generation of concrete dust at any location remote fromthe vacuum manifold. In light of the present teaching, it will thus beapparent to one skilled in the art that, quite surprisingly, aneffective mechanism for securing a desirable alignment relationshipbetween the front and rear axles of the saw provides a remarkablebenefit in terms of improving the capture of saw dust produced by otherapparatus provided for that purpose.

FIG. 13 also shows additional detail of an adjustment mechanism 1350 foradjusting and angle of the handle 1352 with respect to the chassis 1308.It will be understood that adjustment of the handle 1352 in this mannerwill allow the entire apparatus to be comfortably and effectivelycontrolled by operators of various statures and with variouspreferences. In the illustrated embodiment, the adjustment mechanism1350 includes a pivotal coupling 1354 at a rear end of a fixing member1356. In the illustrated embodiment, the pivotal coupling includes, forexample, a bolt 1358 threadingly disposed within a lateral hole in ahandle coupling feature 1360. One of skill in the art will appreciate,however, that a variety of alternative devices will be employed invarious embodiments of the invention, such devices including, withoutlimitation, pins, hinges, and cam followers, among others.

At a front end of the fixing member 1356 is a support pillar 1362. Thesupport pillar is substantially fixedly coupled at a lower end 1364 toan upper surface of chassis 1308. In certain embodiments, a lower end ofthe support pillar 1362 is disposed within a recess of the upper surfaceof chassis 1308. In particular embodiments, this recess will have adepth of 190 thousandths of an inch. In certain embodiments, aparticular pillar will be replaceable by another pillar of differentdimensions to accommodate a different saw assembly. It should be notedthat various pillars (i.e. saw mounting supports, and handle stanchionswill be sold as replacement kits appropriate to the application of aparticular saw assembly.

A through hole is arranged at an upper end 1366 of the pillar 1362.Disposed within the through hole is, for example, a shaft or bolt with afixing device 1368 at one end. In the illustrated embodiment, the fixingdevice is shown as a cap nut (otherwise known as an acorn nut) andwasher combination. One of skill in the art, having been provided withthe present disclosure will appreciate, however, that a wide variety ofother devices may be used in place of the shaft, nut and washercombination.

A tightening lever 1370 is provided such that the tightening lever isalso supported by the shaft or bolt and arranged so that rotating thelever 1372 in a first direction and a second direction will,respectively, tighten and loosen the adjustment mechanism 1350.Presented with FIG. 13 and the description above, one of skill in theart will readily understand that tightening the lever 1370 willeffectively fix handle 1352 at a particular desirable angle whereasloosening the fixing lever will allow the handle to be adjusted to adifferent desired angle.

FIG. 14 shows a further aspect of the relationship between fixing member1356 and pillar 1362. In particular, one sees that, in the illustratedembodiment, the fixing member 1362 includes a slot 1380 defined at alower edge by a substantially linear internal surface region 1382 offixing member 1356 and at an upper edge by a scalloped surface region1384. This scalloped surface region 1384 includes a first plurality ofprojections 1386 and a second plurality of intervening recesses 1388.

The projections and recesses together serve to provide preferredlocations for coupling the fixing member 1356 to a correspondingexternal surface region of the bolt or shaft described above. Thus, inthe illustrated embodiment, the angle of the handle 1352 will be readilyset at a finite number of preferred values, corresponding to therecesses 1388, and will be retained at these preferred values withsubstantially greater strength than would otherwise be possible (i.e.,if upper surface region 1384 were linear rather than scalloped).

Also visible is an expanded region, or head 1390, of the bolt or shaftthat serves to retain the bolt within the slot 1380 and draws the fixingmember 1356 towards an external surface region of the pillar 1362 toeffect a frictional fixation when the lever 1370 described with respectto FIG. 13 is tightened.

Finally, it should be noted, that a pin 1392 is coupled radially to thebolt at an intermediate position thereof, and is disposed within a slot1394 of the pillar 1362. The slot communicates between an upper surface1396 of the pillar 1392 and an internal surface of the pillar, whichinternal surface defines the hole or bore within which the bolt isdisposed. The pin 1392 serves to capture the bolt so as to preventrotation when the lever 1370 is actuated. This results in an effectiveinterference between the internal threads of the lever and the externalthreats of the bolt, so that the bolt can be readily tightened byactuating the lever without otherwise grasping the bolt to preventrotation.

In the illustrated embodiment, the pin 1392 is shown as a roll pin orspring pin, but one of skill in the art will appreciate that a widevariety of other devices will be used in corresponding embodiments ofthe invention. For example, the bolt may include the pin as anintegrated feature, welded for example to an external circumferentialsurface of the bolt. In light of the present disclosure, the value ofusing the above described arrangement will be readily apparent to one ofskill in the art.

In light of the foregoing description, the blade depth adjustmentmechanism, shown as 122 in FIG. 1 will also be readily understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art. It should be also noted, however, thatblade depth adjustment can be effected by other appropriate meansincluding, for example, an automatic electrical linear actuator, ahydraulic actuator, a pneumatic actuator, a worm drive or ballscrewactuator, or any other appropriate apparatus or method that is known orcomes to be known in the art.

FIG. 15 shows, in further detail, a portion of a handle 1500 accordingto certain embodiments of the invention. The handle includes, forexample, first 1502 and second 1504 control levers for activating themotor of the saw. In this way, an operator can readily use either hisleft hand or his right hand to operate the saw and, because of theweight balance effected by, e.g., weights 138-140 and the alignment ofthe wheels effected by, e.g., alignment screws 1314 and 1316, suchone-handed operation is well within the operational capability of manyembodiments of the invention.

Referring again to FIG. 1, the reader will note a mounting pillar 150supported by the chassis 102. In the illustrated embodiment, saw portion114 is pivotally coupled to mounting pillar 150 by a laterally mountedbolt or shaft. One of skill in the art will appreciate that adjustingmechanism 122 will be operated by rotating lever 152 so as to loosen ortighten a coupling between the lever and saw portion 114. Accordingly,saw portion 114 may be pivoted such that the lever and the relatedcoupling will slide in arcuate fashion along the illustrated arcuateslot, whereby the saw pivots about the laterally mounted bolt or shaft.The result is that the depth of cut of the blade 118 is adjusted and thedesired setting is readily locked. As noted above, this motion, inconjunction with cam follower 130, automatically causes the correctadjustment of the blade cover 132.

FIGS. 16-23 illustrate further aspects of portions of a saw according toprinciples of the invention. It should be understood that theillustrated proportions are merely exemplary, and that other dimensionsand lengths will be advantageously employed according to therequirements of a particular application.

In describing above various embodiments of the invention, the Applicantshave made reference to a saw including four wheels. The reader willappreciate that other arrangements of wheels including arrangementhaving one, two or three wheels and arrangements having more than fourwheels will also fall within the scope of the invention. Also, apparatususing alternatives to wheels such as, for example, sliding supportmechanisms, air bearing support mechanisms, caterpillar tracks, walkingbeam and articulated legs, among others are also contemplated as beingwithin the scope of the invention.

In various embodiments, the wheels will include bearings such as areknown in the art including, for example, sealed bearings. The bearingsmay be of any form such as is known or may become known in the artincluding, for example, ball bearings, roller bearings, sinteredbushings, polymer bushings, and fluid bearings, among others. Bearingsincluding one or more of ceramic material, polymer material, andmetallic material, among others are contemplated. Also, in variousembodiments, the wheels will include tires of form and compositionappropriate to a particular application. In certain embodiments, thetires will include a natural or synthetic polymer material such as, forexample, an elastomeric polymer such as, for example, polyurethane.

While the illustrated embodiments have primarily discussed the placementof a vacuum manifold at a leading-edge of a circular saw blade, it willbe understood that other arrangements and configurations fall within thespirit and scope of the invention. For example, a vacuum manifold canalso be placed adjacent to a trailing edge of the saw blade (i.e.,adjacent to a point where the rotating saw blade departs the kerf,moving upward) instead of at a leading-edge.

It will be appreciated that the various aspects of the apparatus andmethod described above, taken individually, in sub-combinations, and intotality, will, in various embodiments, provide a system and apparatusthat is highly effective at capturing dust and particulate matter, whilebeing lighter, more transportable, readily operated, and in many wayssuperior to the technology previously available. These advantages areseen both in the immediate operation of the system and apparatus, and inthe savings resulting from the ability to reduce or eliminate secondarycleanup operations.

In still further embodiments, two separate vacuum manifold are disposedat the leading-edge and the trailing edge respectively. In yet anotherarrangement within the scope of the invention, a single distributedmanifold is arranged to collect dust at both the leading-edge and thetrailing edge and in a region in between the leading and trailing edges.In still another embodiment of the invention, additional evacuation ofmaterial is performed by capturing dust from within a shield between theleading and trailing edges and above a top edge of the saw blade (i.e.an edge diametrically opposite from the portion of the saw bladedisposed within the kerf).

While the exemplary embodiments described above have been chosenprimarily from the field of linear concrete sawing, one of skill in theart will appreciate that the principles of the invention are equallywell applied, and that the benefits of the present invention are equallywell realized in a wide variety of other material processingapplications including, for example, asphalt processing, woodprocessing, plastic processing, masonry processing, glass processing,ceramic processing, and metal processing, among others. Further, whilethe invention has been described in detail in connection with thepresently preferred embodiments, it should be readily understood thatthe invention is not limited to such disclosed embodiments. Rather, theinvention can be modified to incorporate any number of variations,alterations, substitutions, or equivalent arrangements not heretoforedescribed, but which are commensurate with the spirit and scope of theinvention. Accordingly, the invention is not to be seen as limited bythe foregoing description, but is only limited by the scope of theappended claims.

1. A vacuum manifold for sawdust capture comprising: a vacuum manifoldbody portion, said body portion having a curved cylindrical internalsurface region defining a cavity about a longitudinal axis thereof, saidbody portion having a first external surface region at a first endthereof, said first external surface region being disposed generallytransverse to said longitudinal axis, said body portion including asecond generally planar internal surface region, said second generallyplanar internal surface region being disposed substantially normal tosaid longitudinal axis, and wherein said curved internal surface regiondefines a correspondingly curved internal edge region with said secondgenerally planar internal surface region.
 2. A vacuum manifold forsawdust capture as defined in claim 1 wherein said curved cylindricalinternal surface region includes a generally circular cylindricalsurface region.
 3. A vacuum manifold for sawdust capture as defined inclaim 1 wherein said correspondingly curved internal edge regionincludes a generally circular internal edge region.
 4. A vacuum manifoldfor sawdust capture as defined in claim 1 wherein said curvedcylindrical internal surface region includes a generally ellipticalcylindrical internal surface region.
 5. A vacuum manifold for sawdustcapture as defined in claim 1 wherein said first external surface regionincludes a generally planar external surface region.
 6. A vacuummanifold for sawdust capture as defined in claim 1 wherein a flangeportion is disposed inwardly of said first external surface region.
 7. Avacuum manifold for sawdust capture as defined in claim 6 wherein saidflange portion is adapted to be coupled to a hose coupling portion.
 8. Avacuum manifold for sawdust capture as defined in claim 7 wherein saidflange portion includes at least one hole, said hole being adapted toreceive a fastener for coupling said hose coupling portion to said firstexternal surface region.
 9. A vacuum manifold for sawdust capture asdefined in claim 6 wherein said flange portion includes a furthersurface region, said further surface region being configured and adaptedto be coupled to a housing of a saw.
 10. A vacuum manifold for sawdustcapture as defined in claim 6 wherein said flange portion includes anaperture therethrough, said aperture being adapted to allow passage ofsawdust from said cavity to a vacuum hose.
 11. A vacuum manifold forsawdust capture as defined in claim 10 wherein said aperture isgenerally circular in a plane normal to said longitudinal axis.
 12. Avacuum manifold for sawdust capture comprising: a vacuum manifold bodyportion, said body portion having a curved cylindrical internal surfaceregion defining a cavity about a longitudinal axis thereof, said bodyportion having a first external surface region at a first end thereof,said first external surface region being disposed generally transverseto said longitudinal axis, said body portion including a secondgenerally planar internal surface region, said second generally planarinternal surface region being disposed substantially normal to saidlongitudinal axis, wherein said curved internal surface region defines acorrespondingly curved internal edge region with said second generallyplanar internal surface region, said body portion including a thirdexternal surface region, said third external surface region beingdisposed normal to said first external surface region at a mutual edgethereof, said third external surface region having first, second andthird internal edges, said first, second and third internal edgesdefining a generally rectangular aperture from said third externalsurface region into said cavity.
 13. A vacuum manifold for sawdustcapture as defined in claim 12 wherein said second internal edge isadapted to be disposed substantially perpendicular to a saw blade whensaid vacuum manifold is in use.
 14. A vacuum manifold for sawdustcapture as defined in claim 12 wherein said second internal edge ismutually disposed between said third external surface region and a forthinternal surface region, said fourth internal surface region having afifth internal edge region, said fifth internal edge region beingmutually disposed between said fourth internal surface region and saidgenerally curved cylindrical internal surface region.
 15. A vacuummanifold for sawdust capture as defined in claim 12 wherein said curvedcylindrical internal surface region includes a substantially circularcylindrical internal surface region.
 16. A vacuum manifold for sawdustcapture as defined in claim 12 wherein said first external surfaceregion includes a generally planar external surface region.
 17. A vacuummanifold for sawdust capture as defined in claim 12 wherein at least oneof said first, second and third internal edge regions is substantiallylinear.
 18. A vacuum manifold for sawdust capture comprising: a vacuummanifold body portion, said body portion having a first generallycylindrical internal surface region defining a generally cylindricalcavity therein, said generally cylindrical cavity opening, at a firstend, to an aperture in a second external surface of said body portion,said generally cylindrical cavity terminated at a second end by a thirdsubstantially planar internal surface region, said third substantiallyplanar internal surface region being disposed substantially normal to alongitudinal axis of said generally cylindrical cavity, said bodyportion having a fourth generally planar external surface regiondisposed in substantially parallel spaced relation to said longitudinalaxis, said third substantially planar internal surface region forming asubstantially linear mutual edge with said fourth generally planarexternal surface region.
 19. A vacuum manifold for sawdust capture asdefined in claim 18 wherein said body portion further comprises a flangeportion, said flange portion having a fifth substantially planar surfaceregion disposed outwardly of and in substantially parallel spacedrelation to said second external surface region of said body portion,and wherein said flange portion includes a sixth substantially planarsurface region disposed outwardly and in substantially parallel spacedrelation to said fifth substantially planar surface region.
 20. A vacuummanifold for sawdust capture as defined in claim 19 wherein said sixthsubstantially planar surface region is adapted to be coupled to a vacuumapparatus so as to effect said sawdust capture.